Mineral metabolism(calcium and vitamin D) and preterm Birth
A lack of Population-Based Research on Rickets in Preterm Infants as a result, the frequency cannot be accurately estimated or known. Despite current nutritional practices, approximately 10% to 20% of hospitalized infants with a birth weight of 1000 g have radiographically defined rickets (metaphyseal changes). This frequency is much lower than the 50% incidence in this population that was reported before the use of preterm high mineral-containing formulas and fortification of human milk. One difficulty in determining the prevalence of rickets is the ambiguity surrounding terminology. The diagnosis of rickets is based on radiographic rather than biochemical findings. Rickets is defined according to standard radiographic criteria. In the literature, poorly defined terms like osteopenia and biochemical rickets are frequently used in place of radiographically defined rickets. Unless there are health issues that severely limit enteral nutrition, rickets is rarely reported in preterm infants with birth weights greater than 1500 g.
Former preterm infants have been the subject of few long-term studies on bone mineralization. A single study showed a small decrease in young adolescent height when the alkaline phosphatase concentration exceeded 1200 IU/L, but that study was limited due to the use of formulas with relatively low amounts of energy and protein. In general, these studies do not demonstrate significant long-term negative effects on bone health in preterm infants who demonstrate catch-up growth occurring during the first two years after birth. The preterm newborn children had diminished grown-up levels and low lumbar spine bone mineral thickness contrasted and populace reference information, and the deficiencies were most noteworthy in those with birth weight <1200 g and those conceived little for gestational age.
One review showed a huge lessening in level during the prepubertal long periods of previous exceptionally low birth weight (VLBW) babies presented to dexamethasone for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. What's more, Dalziel et al exhibited that pre-birth steroid use didn't influence top bone mass. It appeared that lower peak bone mass was predicted by slower fetal growth rather than preterm birth. Those who were born small for gestational age had a peak bone mass that was appropriate for their adult height.
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